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Packaging a Python app as a standalone binary with PyInstaller
Packaging a Python app as a standalone binary with PyInstaller#
PyInstaller can take a Python script and bundle it up as a standalone executable for macOS, Linux and apparently Windows too (I’ve not tried it on Windows yet).
Today I managed to build Datasette executables for macOS and Linux using the following recipe:
1export DATASETTE_BASE=$(python -c 'import os; print(os.path.dirname(__import__("datasette").__file__))') \2pyinstaller -F \3 --add-data "$DATASETTE_BASE/templates:datasette/templates" \4 --add-data "$DATASETTE_BASE/static:datasette/static" \5 --hidden-import datasette.publish \6 --hidden-import datasette.publish.heroku \7 --hidden-import datasette.publish.cloudrun \8 --hidden-import datasette.facets \9 --hidden-import datasette.sql_functions \10 --hidden-import datasette.actor_auth_cookie \11 --hidden-import datasette.default_permissions \12 --hidden-import datasette.default_magic_parameters \13 --hidden-import datasette.blob_renderer \14 --hidden-import datasette.default_menu_links \15 --hidden-import uvicorn \16 --hidden-import uvicorn.logging \17 --hidden-import uvicorn.loops \18 --hidden-import uvicorn.loops.auto \19 --hidden-import uvicorn.protocols \20 --hidden-import uvicorn.protocols.http \21 --hidden-import uvicorn.protocols.http.auto \22 --hidden-import uvicorn.protocols.websockets \23 --hidden-import uvicorn.protocols.websockets.auto \24 --hidden-import uvicorn.lifespan \25 --hidden-import uvicorn.lifespan.on \26 $(which datasette)The --hidden-import lines are needed because PyInstaller attempts to follow the module import graph for a package, but is very easily confused. Datasette dynamically imports a list of default plugins so I had to explicitly list each of those. I don’t know what’s going on with uvicorn here - I kept on running the script and then running dist/datasette and getting errors like this one:
1(pyinstaller-datasette) pyinstaller-datasette % dist/datasette ~/Dropbox/Development/datasette/fixtures.db2Traceback (most recent call last):3 File "datasette", line 8, in <module>4 File "click/core.py", line 829, in __call__5 File "click/core.py", line 782, in main6 File "click/core.py", line 1259, in invoke7 File "click/core.py", line 1066, in invoke8 File "click/core.py", line 610, in invoke9 File "datasette/cli.py", line 548, in serve10 File "uvicorn/main.py", line 386, in run11 File "uvicorn/server.py", line 48, in run12 File "asyncio/base_events.py", line 642, in run_until_complete13 File "uvicorn/server.py", line 55, in serve14 File "uvicorn/config.py", line 301, in load15 File "uvicorn/importer.py", line 23, in import_from_string16 File "uvicorn/importer.py", line 20, in import_from_string17 File "importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module18 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import19 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load20 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 972, in _find_and_load_unlocked21 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 228, in _call_with_frames_removed22 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1030, in _gcd_import23 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1007, in _find_and_load24 File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 984, in _find_and_load_unlocked25ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'uvicorn.protocols.websockets'26[32142] Failed to execute script datasetteI solved this by adding each ModuleNotFoundError module to --hidden-import until it worked.
I’ve tested this script (and the generated executables) on both macOS and Ubuntu Linux so far, and it’s worked perfectly in both cases. See issue 93 for more details.
Packaging a Python app as a standalone binary with PyInstaller
https://mranv.pages.dev/posts/packaging-a-python-app-as-a-standalone-binary-with-pyinstaller/